I don't have much experience with Firewire sorry but with the double adapters in play, I believe you're facing a PCIe tunneling security issue. Check your BIOS to see if there are any Thunderbolt settings, or settings to allow or disallow PCIe tunneling. The next thing to check is whether the Thunderbolt devices are authorized in Linux.
This page should help you with that: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.12/admin-guide/thunderbolt.html
Also worth checking this page: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Thunderbolt